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• The 1980s revolution… A financial universe liberalized

The competitive and regulatory environment of banks is shattered form the 1080s. This phenomenon, which started in the United States in the 1970s, has then reached the other industrialized countries, although it was quiet late for Germany and Japan. It has finally reached emerging countries, at a more or less rapid rate in the 1990s. From that time banks have been facing unprecedented challenges and they have to... read more

• The end of traditional banks privileges

The environment of traditional banks activity has been shattered for at least four reasons:
1- The financial liberalisation of the economy funding in favour of negotiable stocks markets.
Financial liberalisation deprives traditional banks of a part of their goodwill. In several countries, the part of the economy funding going through negotiable stock markets has increased... read more

• The Consolidation of Banking Systems

The search of an increased allocative efficiency and a bigger productive efficiency of banking systems has inspired the deregulation and the introduction of several financial innovations in the 1980s.
The forces of competition have then been liberated within the banking systems which had almost forgotten them since the 1930. The combining of innovations... read more

Throughout recent years, strategic turnarounds of several major international banks have been so numerous that it has sometimes been disconcerting. The fluctuations in the recommendation of consulting firms have barely contributed to enlighten the debates on the strategic options of these banks... read more
   
         
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